\u00dcnl\u00fc \u0130ngiliz denizci ve k\u00e2\u015fif James Cook, 1728 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yorkshire b\u00f6lgesindeki Marton\u2019da do\u011fdu. Bir \u00e7ift\u00e7inin o\u011fluydu. Hen\u00fcz gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta Whitby\u2019de bir gemi sahibi ve t\u00fcccar\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Denizcilik yeteneklerini k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede g\u00f6sterdi. 1755 y\u0131l\u0131nda i\u015fvereni ona bir geminin komutas\u0131n\u0131 teklif etti. Ancak Cook, \u0130ngiliz Kraliyet Donanmas\u0131\u2019na kat\u0131lmaya karar verdi.<\/p>\n
Yedi Y\u0131l Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda 1758\u2019de Louisbourg Ku\u015fatmas\u0131\u2019na, 1759\u2019da ise Quebec\u2019in ele ge\u00e7irilmesine kat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde Saint Lawrence Nehri\u2019nin ve Newfoundland k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n haritalar\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlad\u0131. Ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 haritalar\u0131 ve haritac\u0131l\u0131k becerileri \u0130ngiliz yetkililerin dikkatini \u00e7ekti. 1766 y\u0131l\u0131nda Newfoundland\u2019da g\u00f6zlemledi\u011fi bir G\u00fcne\u015f tutulmas\u0131yla ilgili raporunu Kraliyet Bilimler Akademisi\u2019ne g\u00f6nderdi.<\/p>\n
Cook, 1768 y\u0131l\u0131nda Endeavour<\/em> gemisinin komutas\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcstlenerek Pasifik Okyanusu\u2019na ilk b\u00fcy\u00fck ke\u015fif yolculu\u011funa \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Nisan 1769\u2019da Tahiti\u2019ye ula\u015ft\u0131 ve burada Ven\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn G\u00fcne\u015f\u2019in \u00f6n\u00fcnden ge\u00e7i\u015fini g\u00f6zlemledi. Ard\u0131ndan Yeni Zelanda\u2019ya y\u00f6neldi. 1769\u20131770 y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u00fclkenin \u00e7evresini dola\u015farak k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 haritalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. 1770\u2019te Avustralya\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fu k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131 ve b\u00f6lgeyi Britanya ad\u0131na sahiplenme ilan\u0131nda bulundu. Torres Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019ndan ge\u00e7tikten sonra g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Cakarta olarak bilinen Batavia\u2019ya ula\u015ft\u0131 ve Temmuz 1771\u2019de Britanya\u2019ya d\u00f6nd\u00fc.<\/p>\n Cook\u2019un ikinci ke\u015fif seferi 1772\u20131775 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Bu seferde Resolution<\/em> gemisine komuta etti; Adventure<\/em> gemisi de ona e\u015flik etti. Seferin amac\u0131 Pasifik\u2019in g\u00fcney b\u00f6lgelerini ara\u015ft\u0131rmak ve G\u00fcney Kutbu yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda geni\u015f bir k\u0131tan\u0131n bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 incelemekti. Cook, Ocak 1774\u2019te 71\u00b010\u2032 g\u00fcney enlemine ula\u015farak o d\u00f6nemde bilinen en g\u00fcney noktalardan birine vard\u0131. Ancak yo\u011fun buzullar daha ileri gitmesini engelledi. Sefer, ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan b\u00f6lgelerde b\u00fcy\u00fck ve ya\u015fanabilir bir g\u00fcney k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulamad\u0131; fakat Antarktika\u2019n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da d\u0131\u015flamad\u0131. Cook bu yolculuk s\u0131ras\u0131nda Paskalya Adas\u0131, Markiz Adalar\u0131, Yeni Kaledonya ve G\u00fcney Atlantik\u2019teki G\u00fcney Sandwich Adalar\u0131 gibi yerleri de ziyaret etti.<\/p>\n Britanya\u2019ya d\u00f6nd\u00fckten sonra Cook, denizciler aras\u0131nda iskorb\u00fct hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye y\u00f6nelik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 nedeniyle 1776 y\u0131l\u0131nda Copley Madalyas\u0131 ile \u00f6d\u00fcllendirildi. Daha \u00f6nce, 1770 y\u0131l\u0131nda Kraliyet Cemiyeti \u00fcyeli\u011fine se\u00e7ilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n Cook, 1776 y\u0131l\u0131nda Resolution<\/em> ve Discovery<\/em> gemileriyle \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ke\u015fif seferine \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Bu yolculu\u011fun amac\u0131, Atlas Okyanusu ile Pasifik Okyanusu\u2019nu birbirine ba\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen Kuzeybat\u0131 Ge\u00e7idi\u2019ni bulmakt\u0131. Ocak 1778\u2019de Hawaii Adalar\u0131\u2019na ula\u015ft\u0131 ve bu adalara Sandwich Adalar\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi. Daha sonra Alaska k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131 boyunca ilerledi ve Bering Bo\u011faz\u0131\u2019ndan ge\u00e7ti. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 70\u00b044\u2032 kuzey enlemine kadar ula\u015ft\u0131, ancak deniz buzlar\u0131 yolunu kapatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in daha ileri gidemedi.<\/p>\n James Cook, \u015eubat 1779\u2019da Hawaii Adas\u0131\u2019ndaki Kealakekua K\u00f6rfezi\u2019nde yerel halkla ya\u015fanan bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti. \u00d6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde 50 ya\u015f\u0131ndayd\u0131.<\/p>\n James Cook, geride b\u00fcy\u00fck bir haritac\u0131l\u0131k ve bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rma miras\u0131 b\u0131rakt\u0131. Ke\u015fif seferleri, Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n Pasifik Okyanusu, Avustralya, Yeni Zelanda ve Okyanusya adalar\u0131 hakk\u0131ndaki bilgisini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geni\u015fletti.<\/p>\n Ad\u0131 bug\u00fcn bir\u00e7ok co\u011frafi yerde ya\u015famaya devam ediyor. Aoraki olarak da bilinen Cook Da\u011f\u0131, Yeni Zelanda\u2019n\u0131n en y\u00fcksek da\u011f\u0131d\u0131r ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde 3.724 metre y\u00fcksekli\u011findedir. Cook Bo\u011faz\u0131, Yeni Zelanda\u2019n\u0131n Kuzey ve G\u00fcney adalar\u0131n\u0131 birbirinden ay\u0131r\u0131r. Cook Adalar\u0131 ise Yeni Zelanda ile serbest ortakl\u0131k ili\u015fkisi i\u00e7inde olan, kendi kendini y\u00f6neten bir \u00fclkedir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u00dcnl\u00fc \u0130ngiliz denizci ve k\u00e2\u015fif James Cook, 1728 y\u0131l\u0131nda Yorkshire b\u00f6lgesindeki Marton\u2019da do\u011fdu. Bir \u00e7ift\u00e7inin o\u011fluydu. Hen\u00fcz gen\u00e7 ya\u015fta Whitby\u2019de bir gemi sahibi ve t\u00fcccar\u0131n yan\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Denizcilik yeteneklerini k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede g\u00f6sterdi. 1755 y\u0131l\u0131nda i\u015fvereni ona bir geminin komutas\u0131n\u0131 teklif etti. Ancak Cook, \u0130ngiliz Kraliyet Donanmas\u0131\u2019na kat\u0131lmaya karar verdi. Yedi Y\u0131l Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda 1758\u2019de …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":41497,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18117],"tags":[19395],"snipool_ingredient":[],"class_list":["post-41498","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tarih","tag-james-cook"],"yoast_head":"\n