{"id":9813,"date":"2021-02-26T17:28:40","date_gmt":"2021-02-26T17:28:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/snipool.com\/?p=9813"},"modified":"2021-02-26T17:28:40","modified_gmt":"2021-02-26T17:28:40","slug":"les-coraux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/snipool.com\/fr\/les-coraux\/","title":{"rendered":"Les coraux"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Les coraux sont divers invert\u00e9br\u00e9s marins de l\u2019embranchement des cnidaires, r\u00e9partis dans plusieurs ordres de la classe des anthozoaires (\u201eanthozoaire\u201c signifie en grec <em>animal- fleur<\/em>) : les madr\u00e9poraires comptent environ 2 500 esp\u00e8ces dont le corail \u00e9toil\u00e9, le corail jaune ou les coraux champignons ; les antipathaires dont le corail noir ; les h\u00e9lioporides dont le corail bleu. Les coraux de l\u2019ordre des gorgonaires ressemblent \u00e0 des v\u00e9g\u00e9taux.<\/p>\n<p>Les coraux, ces petits organismes primitifs de 1 \u00e0 30 mm, ont un squelette calcaire ou corn\u00e9. Leur corps est cylindrique et porte une ou plusieurs couronnes de tentacules autour de l\u2019orifice buccal. Leur accumulation constitue les r\u00e9cifs qui abritent des communaut\u00e9s de poissons, crustac\u00e9s, mollusques et \u00e9chinodermes. Les sexes des coraux ne sont pas toujours s\u00e9par\u00e9s et certaines esp\u00e8ces sont hermaphrodites. Ces petits animaux corresponent au stade polype fix\u00e9 au substrat et n\u2019ont pas le stade m\u00e9duse, libre et nageur, qui assure la reproduction des autres cnidaires. Les coraux vivent en eaux peu profondes jusqu\u2019\u00e0 30 m et chaudes, entre 20 et 30<sup>0 <\/sup>C.<\/p>\n<p>La forme des colonies d\u00e9pend de l\u2019\u00e9sp\u00e8ce. Elles peuvent \u00eatre en plaque verticale ou horizontale, en champignons, ovo\u00efdes, encro\u00fbtantes, h\u00e9misph\u00e9riques, buissonnantes ou encore arborescentres. Les couleurs magnifiques de ces petits organismes sont dues \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019algues symbiotiques, appel\u00e9es <em>zooxanthelles <\/em>qui favorisent la croissance des coraux en leur fournissant oxyg\u00e8ne et glucides.<\/p>\n<p>Les <em>cornes de cerf<\/em> de genre Acropora, arborescents et roses, et les dendrophylles, petits et violets, sont parmi les plus importants des madr\u00e9poraires qui participent \u00e0 la construction des r\u00e9cifs coralliens.\u00a0 Le corail rouge ou corail vrai, <em>Corallium rubrum<\/em>, a huit tentacules et il forme des colonies dendriformes en mer m\u00e9diterran\u00e9e. Le squelette rouge de cette esp\u00e8ce est utilis\u00e9 en bijouterie.<\/p>\n<p>Les <em>Madr\u00e9poraires arbotescents<\/em> du genre Acropora ont un squelette calcaire poreux qui favorise la construction et la croissance rapides des r\u00e9cifs frangeants.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les coraux sont divers invert\u00e9br\u00e9s marins de l\u2019embranchement des cnidaires, r\u00e9partis dans plusieurs ordres de la classe des anthozoaires (\u201eanthozoaire\u201c signifie en grec animal- fleur) : les madr\u00e9poraires comptent environ 2 500 esp\u00e8ces dont le corail \u00e9toil\u00e9, le corail jaune ou les coraux champignons ; les antipathaires dont le corail noir ; les h\u00e9lioporides dont &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9814,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1089],"tags":[2550,2549,2279],"class_list":["post-9813","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-le-monde","tag-corallium-rubrum","tag-les-coraux","tag-monde"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - 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