{"id":21572,"date":"2023-12-05T10:31:57","date_gmt":"2023-12-05T10:31:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/snipool.com\/?p=21572"},"modified":"2023-12-05T10:31:57","modified_gmt":"2023-12-05T10:31:57","slug":"un-explorateur-anglais","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/snipool.com\/fr\/un-explorateur-anglais\/","title":{"rendered":"Un explorateur anglais"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Walter Raleigh est n\u00e9 en 1552 \u00e0 Hayes, dans le comt\u00e9 du Devonshire, dans le sud- ouest de l\u2019Angleterre. Il fut un grand navigateur, explorateur et colonisateur pour le compte de la couronne anglaise.<\/p>\n<p>En 1558, Marie Tudor d\u00e9c\u00e8de et sa demi- soeur, Elisabeth I<sup>re<\/sup> devient reine d\u2019Angleterre \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge de 25 ans. L\u2019ambitieuse souveraine m\u00e8ne sa politique ext\u00e9rieure en colonisant de nouvelles terres pour pouvoir agrandir et enrichir son royaume. Elle soutient ses navigateurs et leurs exp\u00e9ditions. Ainsi, Elisabeth I<sup>re<\/sup> donne \u00e0 Sir Humphrey Gilbert le droit exclusif de conqu\u00e9rir et coloniser \u00ab\u00a0toutes terres lointaines et inconnues, qui ne sont pas en possession d\u2019un souverain chr\u00e9tien\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>Homme intelligent et charmant, plein d\u2019humour, avec des mani\u00e8res de noblesse, Raleigh savait se mettre en valeur et tirer profit des situations, qui se pr\u00e9sentaient \u00e0 lui. D\u2019abord, il combat en France aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des huguenots. Et en 1578, il participe \u00e0 une premi\u00e8re exp\u00e9dition maritime en compagnie de son demi- fr\u00e8re Humphrey Gilbert. Entre 1580 &#8211; 1581, Raleigh prend part \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9crasement de la r\u00e9volte irlandaise.<\/p>\n<p>Le charmant homme et courtisant est introduit \u00e0 la cour par Leichester, o\u00f9 il devient tr\u00e8s vite le favori de la reine Elisabeth I<sup>re<\/sup>. Elle lui attribue diverses rentes et l\u2019anoblit.<\/p>\n<p>Ainsi, Sir Walter Raleigh obtient une patente, qui l\u2019habilite \u00e0 s\u2019emparer de toute terre encore inhabit\u00e9e. Son go\u00fbt pour les aventures, les d\u00e9couvertes et les richesses, le poussent \u00e0 organiser deux exp\u00e9ditions \u00e0 ses frais.<\/p>\n<p>En 1584, une colonie anglaise en Am\u00e9rique du Nord sera baptis\u00e9e par Raleigh \u00ab\u00a0Virginie\u00a0\u00bb en l\u2019honneur d\u2019Elisabeth, la reine \u00ab\u00a0vierge\u00a0\u00bb. L\u2019aventurier s\u2019assure du renouvellement de la patente de colonisation, donn\u00e9e auparavant \u00e0 son demi-fr\u00e8re Gilbert, disparu un an plus t\u00f4t lors de sa navigation pour l\u2019Angleterre.<\/p>\n<p>En 1588, l\u2019infatigable navigateur participe \u00e0 la victoire sur l\u2019Invincible Armada, envoy\u00e9e par l\u2019Espagne pour conqu\u00e9rir la Grande- Bretagne. Les 34 bateaux de la Flotte Royale anglaise an\u00e9antissent les 134 navires de l\u2019Armada espagnole.<\/p>\n<p>Malgr\u00e9 tous ses m\u00e9rites, Raleigh tombe en disgr\u00e2ce pour un petit moment \u00e0 cause des histoires d\u2019or&#8230; et la recherche du fabuleux Eldorado. Et en 1595, l\u2019homme entreprend une exp\u00e9dition, qui le m\u00e8ne sur les c\u00f4tes sud- am\u00e9ricaines \u00e0 la recherche de mines d\u2019or. Il profite de la situation pour s\u2019emparer de La Trinidad (aujourd\u2019hui la Trinit\u00e9) et pour remonter l\u2019Or\u00e9noque, au Venezuala. Dans le trait\u00e9 \u00ab\u00a0The Discovery of the Empire of Guina\u00a0\u00bb, il d\u00e9crit ce voyage.<\/p>\n<p>A son retour au pays, Raleigh souffre toujours de sa situation de disgr\u00e2ce, \u00e0 laquelle s\u2019ajoutent encore son scepticisme religieux et son arrogance. Mais il arrive \u00e0 compenser cette d\u00e9faveur par sa participation en 1596 \u00e0 l\u2019expedition contre Cadix , la ville portuaire d\u2019Andalousie, en Espagne. Raleigh devient gouverneur de Jersey et r\u00e9prime la r\u00e9bellion de compte d\u2019Essex, son rival de longue date.<\/p>\n<p>En 1603, Elisabeth I<sup>re<\/sup> d\u00e9c\u00e8de apr\u00e8s un r\u00e8gne de 45 ans et Jacques I<sup>er<\/sup>, fils de Marie Stuart, devient le nouveau roi d\u2019Angleterre. Sir Walter Raleigh est soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 dans des complots contre le souverain et il est condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 mort en 1603.\u00a0 Mais \u00e0 la place d\u2019\u00eatre ex\u00e9cuter, Raleigh est emprisonn\u00e9 dans la Tour de Londres, o\u00f9 il reste douze ans, de 1604 \u00e0 1616. L\u2019homme consacre son temps \u00e0 des exp\u00e9riences scientifique et \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9criture d\u2019ouvrages de philosophie politique. Il r\u00e9dige son \u00ab\u00a0Histoire du monde\u00a0\u00bb en 1614.<\/p>\n<p>Toujours pr\u00eat pour des aventures maritimes, Raleigh sugg\u00e8re \u00e0 Jacques I<sup>er<\/sup> de lui offrir la libert\u00e9 \u00e0 condition qu\u2019il d\u00e9couvre des mines d\u2019or. Le roi, qui a besoin d\u2019argent, accepte la proposition et le navigateur part pour l\u2019Or\u00e9noque. Mais cette derni\u00e8re exp\u00e9dition \u00e9choue \u00e0 cause des Espagnols.<\/p>\n<p>Sir Walter rentre en Angleterre, o\u00f9 il est ex\u00e9cut\u00e9 le 29 octobre 1618.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Walter Raleigh est n\u00e9 en 1552 \u00e0 Hayes, dans le comt\u00e9 du Devonshire, dans le sud- ouest de l\u2019Angleterre. Il fut un grand navigateur, explorateur et colonisateur pour le compte de la couronne anglaise. En 1558, Marie Tudor d\u00e9c\u00e8de et sa demi- soeur, Elisabeth Ire devient reine d\u2019Angleterre \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge de 25 ans. L\u2019ambitieuse souveraine &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1075],"tags":[7065,7075,7074,6729,7070,7076,7072,7071,7073,7069],"class_list":["post-21572","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-histoire","tag-elisabeth-ire","tag-en-amerique-du-nord","tag-expedition-maritime","tag-explorateur","tag-langleterre","tag-larmada","tag-la-couronne-anglaise","tag-navigateur","tag-sir-humphrey-gilbert","tag-walter-raleigh"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Un explorateur anglais - Snipool<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Walter Raleigh est n\u00e9 en 1552 \u00e0 Hayes, dans le comt\u00e9 du Devonshire, dans le sud- ouest de l\u2019Angleterre.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/snipool.com\/fr\/un-explorateur-anglais\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Un explorateur anglais - 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