{"id":20988,"date":"2023-10-19T13:10:42","date_gmt":"2023-10-19T13:10:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/snipool.com\/?p=20988"},"modified":"2023-10-19T13:10:42","modified_gmt":"2023-10-19T13:10:42","slug":"les-planetes-de-notre-systeme-solaire-partie-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/snipool.com\/fr\/les-planetes-de-notre-systeme-solaire-partie-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Les plan\u00e8tes de notre syst\u00e8me solaire, partie 2"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Mercure<\/strong>, <strong>V\u00e9nus<\/strong>, notre <strong>Terre<\/strong> et <strong>Mars<\/strong> sont des plan\u00e8tes rocheuses. Elles sont aussi les plus proches du Soleil. V\u00e9nus, Mars et la Terre ont une atmosph\u00e8re. Sur Mercure cette couche manque car la plan\u00e8te est trop petite pour retenir une atmosph\u00e8re. Mercure est l\u2019astre le plus proche du Soleil, situ\u00e9 \u00e0 45 millions de kilom\u00e8tres de lui. L\u2019atmosph\u00e8re sur V\u00e9nus et Mars est compos\u00e9e de gaz carbonique, celle de la Terre d\u2019azote et surtout d\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne. De ces quatres plan\u00e8tes, Mars est la plus \u00e9loign\u00e9e du Soleil donc c\u2019est une plan\u00e8te tr\u00e8s froide.<\/p>\n<p>Les temp\u00e9ratures sur <strong>Mercure<\/strong> sont extr\u00eames\u00a0: de 430<sup>0<\/sup>C le jour \u00e0 \u2013 170<sup>0<\/sup>C la nuit. Une seule mission a explor\u00e9 cette plan\u00e8te \u201ecuite\u201c par le Soleil, <em>Mariner 10<\/em> en 1974- 1975. La surface de\u00a0Mercure est couverte de crat\u00e8res, form\u00e9s apr\u00e8s des colisions avec des m\u00e9t\u00e9orites. Le sol de la plan\u00e8te est rid\u00e9. Il y a aussi de hautes falaises, dues au refroidissement de Mercure.<\/p>\n<p><strong>V\u00e9nus<\/strong>, tr\u00e8s brillante, est appel\u00e9e aussi \u00ab l\u2019\u00e9toile du Berger \u00bb. La plan\u00e8te est entour\u00e9e de nuages \u00e9pais. Son atmosph\u00e8re est bouillante et acide. La temp\u00e9rature en journ\u00e9e atteint 460<sup>0<\/sup>C et le vent en altitude a une vitesse de 400 km\/h. Des sondes spatiales ont r\u00e9alis\u00e9 des cartes de la surface de V\u00e9nus et ainsi on sait que la plan\u00e8te est couverte de volcans et de crat\u00e8res d\u2019impact. Toutes les grandes montagnes sur la plan\u00e8te sont des volcans. A cause d\u2019\u00e9pais nuages, on ne peut pas voir sa surface et il est difficile de savoir s\u2019ils sont actifs.<\/p>\n<p>La <strong>Terre<\/strong> est la plus grosse des plan\u00e8tes rocheuses. Elle offre les conditions id\u00e9ales pour abriter la vie\u00a0: des temp\u00e9ratures vari\u00e9es mais pas extr\u00eames, une atmosph\u00e8re d\u2019azote et d\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne et de l\u2019eau. La Terre poss\u00e8de un seul satellite\u00a0: la Lune.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Mars<\/strong>, la plan\u00e8te rouge est deux fois plus petite que la Terre. Elle a deux satellites, <em>Deimos<\/em> et <em>Phobos<\/em>. Les photos prises lors de l\u2019exp\u00e9dition <em>Viking<\/em> en 1976, montrent une surface avec de nombreux grands volcans, tous \u00e9teints. Les volcans sur Mars peuvent \u00eatre g\u00e9ants\u00a0: le volcan <em>Olympus Mons<\/em> par exemple mesure 25 km de haut. On pense qu\u2019ils sont \u00e9teints depuis un milliard d\u2019ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pluton<\/strong> est un cas \u00e0 part. Elle n\u2019est pas class\u00e9e ni dans les plan\u00e8tes rocheuses, ni dans les plan\u00e8tes gazeuses. Pluton est la plus \u00e9loign\u00e9e des neuf plan\u00e8tes du syst\u00e8me solaire. C\u2019est aussi la plus petite par sa taille avec ses 2 200 km de diam\u00e8tre. Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couverte en 1930 par l\u2019astronome am\u00e9ricain Clyde Tombaugh. La plan\u00e8te a une seule lune, <em>Charon<\/em>. Toutes les deux ont \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9es par le t\u00e9l\u00e9scope spatial Hubble (de nom de l\u2019astronome Edwin Hubble).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mercure, V\u00e9nus, notre Terre et Mars sont des plan\u00e8tes rocheuses. Elles sont aussi les plus proches du Soleil. V\u00e9nus, Mars et la Terre ont une atmosph\u00e8re. Sur Mercure cette couche manque car la plan\u00e8te est trop petite pour retenir une atmosph\u00e8re. Mercure est l\u2019astre le plus proche du Soleil, situ\u00e9 \u00e0 45 millions de kilom\u00e8tres &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1080],"tags":[6617,3377,6610,3104,6615,6616,6614,6618,6619,3856,3417],"snipool_ingredient":[],"class_list":["post-20988","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-science-fr","tag-des-temperatures-variees","tag-la-terre","tag-les-planetes-de-notre-systeme-solaire","tag-mars","tag-mercure","tag-planetes-gazeuses","tag-pluton","tag-satellite","tag-telescope-spatial","tag-venus-fr","tag-volcans"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Les plan\u00e8tes de notre syst\u00e8me solaire, partie 2 - Snipool<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Mercure, V\u00e9nus, notre Terre et Mars sont des plan\u00e8tes rocheuses. 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